indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
main text; original text; this book; this volume
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
20 years old; (arch.) twenty
century; era; of the century (e.g. fight of the century)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
publication (of a newspaper, magazine, book, etc.); issue; issue (of banknotes, bonds, passport, etc.); raising (an event)
feeling; sense; impression
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
couple; husband and wife; man and wife; sibling; brother and sister
to swipe; to nick; to pilfer; to steal
(written) work; book; (written) by; clearness; obviousness
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
change of title; retitling; changed title
free translation; liberal translation
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
on the occasion of; at the time of
to translate; to interpret
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
easy; likely to ...; have a tendency to ...; easy to ...
writing; composition; essay; sentence
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
devising (a way); contriving; device; design; dedication to spiritual improvement (esp. through Zen meditation)
to give (time, money, goods); to donate; to do; to perform; to apply (processing, makeup, etc.); to add (e.g. ornamentation, annotation)
taking great pains (to do); making every effort; having a lot of trouble (doing); racking one's brains
use; application; employment; utilization; utilisation
protagonist; main character; hero; head (of a household); proprietor (of a store)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
description; account; delineation; (a) predicative; predication
first person; self-reference term; term used to refer to oneself in the first person
novel; story; (work of) fiction
while; during; while; although; all; both
busyness; a lot of things to do; frequent use; heavy use (of); many uses