independent; autonomous; voluntary; of one's own initiative
to grapple with; to wrestle with; to engage in a bout; to tackle (e.g. a problem); to come to grips with; to work hard on
elementary school student; primary school student; grade school student
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
summer vacation; summer holiday
research project (e.g. at school); independent research
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
unwillingly; grudgingly; shaking head in refusal (like a child); no!; no no!
particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information
prior; beforehand; in advance; before the fact; ex ante
being in charge of (esp. a class or subject); taking charge of; class teacher; homeroom teacher; form teacher
report; return (e.g. tax); statement; declaration; notification; filing
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
person; character; one's character; one's personality; able person; talented person
look; glance; sight; summary; list; table
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
adds force or indicates command
great person; eminent figure
how long; how much; to what extent
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
imitation Japanese vellum
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
plans; arrangement; schedule; program; programme; expectation
class teacher; homeroom teacher; form teacher
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
to some extent; to a certain extent
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
feeling; sensation; emotion; interjection
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
part; portion; amount; worth (as in "two days' worth"); one's means; one's place; one's duty