melon bread; half-melon shaped bun, flavored with artificial melon
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
improvisation; improvised; impromptu; extempore
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
to hum (a tune); to sing to oneself; to croon
while; during; while; although; all; both
gait; walk; stride; trace (e.g. of route taken by hunted criminal); track; trail
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
light; easy; non-serious; minor
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
to face; to go towards; to head towards
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to sing; to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.); to compose a poem; to recite a poem
spare time; free time; time (e.g. time it takes to do something); time off; day off; quitting (one's job); firing someone
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
honorific/polite/humble prefix
mark; guide; purpose; aim; sight (on a firearm)
elegance; grace; article; item; counter for items (of food, etc.); counter for dishes or courses (at a restaurant)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
potentiality; likelihood; possibility; availability
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to bring forward (e.g. by 3 hours); to advance; to hasten (e.g. one's death); to quicken (e.g. one's step); to speed up; to accelerate
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
junior college; vocationally oriented two or three year post-secondary education institution
many; much; plenty; hardly