(mountain) pass; highest point on a mountain road; ridge; peak (e.g. of summer); worst (e.g. of an illness); crisis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
to pass the peak (of something); to get through the most difficult part; to be over the worst (e.g. an illness); to cross a pass
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
slope; slanting surface; bevel
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
right side; right-hand side
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
left side; left-hand side
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
March; third month of the lunar calendar
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
passenger seat; assistant driver's seat
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to become dim; to become blurred
to speak; to say; to vocalize
until now; so far; up to the present
knee; lap; knee and thigh (while sitting)
pillow; bolster; introduction (e.g. to a rakugo story); lead-in
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel