century; era; of the century (e.g. fight of the century)
progress; advance; improvement; development
to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to arrive at (a certain outcome); to come to; to end with
tide; tidal current; tendency; drift; trend
to shut; to close; to block (a street, entrance, etc.); to shut in (with snow, ice, etc.); to shut off; to consume (with negative feelings)
half; semi-; half-past; odd number; (arch.) unit of land area (595.8 m^2)
long (time); longstanding; for a long time
national isolation; closing the country (to foreigners); sakoku; policy of national isolation enacted by the Tokugawa shogunate
hole; opening; pit; hollow; burrow; den; deficit
shortage of stock; scarcity of goods
state; condition; situation; appearance; circumstances
after this; from now on; hereafter; thereafter; since (then); after
to obtain; to come into possession of; to get hold of; to get one's hands on
easy; likely to ...; have a tendency to ...; easy to ...
to compete; to contest; to quarrel; to argue; to deny (e.g. evidence)
to buy all (of something) one can get one's hands on; to buy up; to scoop up
transactions; dealings; business
to abate; to decrease; to diminish; to shorten
many; a lot; much; multitude
civilization; civilisation; culture; Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
power; might; authority; influence
dramatic (improvement); remarkable (difference); marked; (far) better; exceptional
Institute for the Study of Western Books (Edo period); Institute for the Investigation of Foreign Books
elegance; grace; article; item; counter for items (of food, etc.); counter for dishes or courses (at a restaurant)
leading; prominent; eminent; counting on one's fingers
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
original document (not a copy or adaptation); book in its original language (esp. a European language)
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
sea gauge; draft; draught
large; large-sized; large-scale; big
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
waiting for favorable wind; waiting for favourable wind
load; baggage; cargo; burden; responsibility
direct; immediate; personal; firsthand