indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
divine spirit; spirit of the dead
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
gold (Au); golden (color); valuable; of highest value; money; gold coin; Friday
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
sword (esp. Japanese single-edged); katana; scalpel; chisel; burin; knife money (knife-shaped commodity money used in ancient China)
in that way; thus; so; so?
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
while; during; while; although; all; both
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
two persons; two people; pair; couple
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
crow (Corvus spp.); raven
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to kill (a human) using a blade (sword, machete, knife, etc.); to slice (off); to lop (off); to cut (off)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings