to listen repeatedly; to listen again; to ask a question in return; to ask again; to ask for a repeated explanation
skirt (of a kimono); hem (of a kimono)
to brighten; to grow light
shadow or cloud (e.g. on someone's happiness); shade; gloom
sunset; sundown; end; close; year-end; end of the year
to marry off; to espouse to
somehow; for some reason; without knowing why
to go upstream; to go back (in time, to origin); to date back to; to trace back to
distortion; stretch; strained interpretation; technicality; casuistry; sophistry
equal; identical; the same; no different (to); just like; equivalent
to take all things together; to include everything; to take account of everything
legume (esp. edible legumes or their seeds, e.g. beans, peas, pulses); bean; soya bean (Glycine max); soybean; female genitalia (esp. the clitoris); kidney; small
inheritance; bequest; legacy; heritage
Tokugawa shogunate (i.e. the Edo shogunate, 1603-1867)
mechanism; organization; organisation
outside daimyo; non-Tokugawa daimyo; outsider; one not included in the favored (favoured) group
spokesperson; speaker (for someone); mouthpiece; voice (e.g. for the ordinary citizen)
guardian; mentor; protector
born of the same mother; kindred spirits
consideration; examination; investigation; study; scrutiny; discussion
because; the reason is; if you want to know why
close connection; deep involvement; close relationship
to produce; to yield; to cause; to result from; to arise; to be generated
to throw; to cast (e.g. vote, light, shadow); to devote oneself (e.g. to a cause); to invest; to put in; to administer (medicine); to give
ripple; ring on the water; repercussions; Japanese slit drum; instrument made of iron with slits on top; makes a rippling sound
political measures; policy
head; leader; top; (arch.) important part
form; shape; state; condition; letter; correspondence
(real) ability; true strength; merit; arms; force
establishment; settlement
piece of paper; slip of paper; strip of paper; scrap of paper
to join together; to combine; to join up
barony of the first degree; influential feudal clan
Satsuma (former province located in the west of present-day Kagoshima Prefecture); sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
to go too far; to go past; to go to extremes; to overdo it
collapse; crumbling; breaking down; (radioactive) decay; disintegration
direction; orientation; bearing; course (e.g. of action)
addition; increase; Canada
China (sometimes also used in ref. to Korea or other foreign countries)