prefix for forming ordinal numbers
counter for stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
village; hamlet; countryside; country; home (of one's parents, etc.); hometown
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
to blaze down on; to beat down on; to shine down upon
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
crevice; crack; spare moment; interval; chink (in one's armor, armour); unpreparedness
bits and pieces; frizzily (as in perm)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to ill-treat; to bully; to torment; to be tough on (e.g. one's body); to treat harshly
futon; Japanese bedding consisting of a mattress and a duvet; round cushion used for Zen meditation (traditionally made of woven bulrush leaves)
from the beginning; without hesitation; flatly (e.g. refusing); entirely; completely
to put on (one's head); to wear; to be covered with (dust, snow, etc.); to pour (water, etc.) on oneself; to bear (e.g. someone's debts, faults, etc.); to take (blame); to overlap (e.g. sound or color)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
sunlight; rays of the Sun
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to defend oneself; to protect oneself
hot; warm; passionate; impassioned; on everybody's mind; on the radar
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
intently; single-mindedly; devotedly; solely; earnestly; with all one's heart
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
rather; better; instead; if anything
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to push aside; to brush or thrust aside; to remove; to get rid of
to one's heart's content; as much as one wants; as hard as one can; resolution; decisiveness; determination
youth; springtime of life; adolescent
shout; cry; outcry; yell; shriek; scream
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)