locational advantage; advantageous position; products from the land (farm output, timber, minerals, etc.); land rent
violent; furious; extreme; intense; fervent; vehement
alarm clock; waking up; keeping oneself awake; early-morning treat (traditionally given to children in some parts of Japan); wake-up sweet
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble
morning; forenoon; just before noon
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
creeping (of an insect, etc.); crawling; restlessly; fidgeting; hesitantly; slowly
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to put out one's hand; to extend one's arm; to reach (for); to try one's hand at (something new)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
sleepy; drowsy; somnolent
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
holiday; day off; sleep; rest; good night
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
with a start; in surprise; suddenly (realize, remember, etc.); all of a sudden; puffing (air); with a puff
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to rise; to get up; to stand up; to sit up
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
twelve o'clock; noon; midnight
railway station; train station; staging post on a highway (in pre-modern Japan); counter for railway stations and bus stations
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to go to meet (someone); to go to pick up
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
promise; agreement; appointment; engagement; convention; rule
to become confused (disconcerted, disorganized, disorganised); to be flustered; to panic; to hurry; to rush; to hasten
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
half; semi-; half-past; odd number; (arch.) han (unit of land area, approx. 595.8 m^2)