order; ordering; beginning; start; foreword; preface
peace; tranquility; tranquillity; Heian period (794-1185)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
body; oneself; one's place; one's position; main part; meat (as opposed to bone, skin, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lay down; to wear (a sword, etc.) at one's side
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
tragedy; tragic drama; tragic play; tragedy; calamity; disaster
common; shared; to be common (to); to be shared (by); -wide
feature; trait; characteristic; peculiarity; distinction
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
is something that; is that which
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
foster father; adoptive father
in that way; thus; so; so?
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
to shake; to jolt; to rock (cradle); to blackmail; to extort; to shake down
to imitate; to copy; to enter someone as a candidate; to press (e.g. a weapon against someone's back); to compare; to liken
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
chair; stool; post; office; position
to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
if it is the case that ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
inevitable; necessary; certain; inevitability; necessity
consequence; result; conclusion
the more ... the more ...; as; (arch.) while; (arch.) during; (arch.) because; (arch.) since
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
laugh; laughter; smile; sneer; sex aids (e.g. dildos, pornographic books, erotic woodblock prints, etc.)
to bring; to take; to bring about
in comparison to; rather than
some; (a) little; somewhat; to some extent; in part
way of speaking; intimation
smooth (of a surface); glassy; smooth (of an action, proceedings, etc.); fluent (speech); continuously differentiable
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to