to start; to begin; to challenge; to pick (a fight); to set (traps); to plant (explosives)
a blooming cut flower; glorious death
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
glossy (e.g. hair); sleek; shiny; lustrous
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
aroma; fragrance; scent; smell
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
Japan's old (lunisolar) calendar
March; third month of the lunar calendar
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
orchid; Netherlands; Holland
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to bear; to stand; to support; to withstand; to be fit for; to be equal to
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
joy; delight; rapture; pleasure; gratification; rejoicing
the whole enormous extent of Edo; from one side of Edo to the other
every corner; every nook and cranny; all the ins and outs
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to spill; to drop; to grumble; to complain; to let one's feelings show
Kōzuke (former province located in present-day Gunma Prefecture)
shallow; superficial; slight (wound); light (sleep); short (time); early
grass; weed; (arch.) ninja; not genuine; substandard; LOL
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
famous place; name of a part (of an instrument, etc.); name and address
not limited to; not just ...
townhouse (i.e. house in the middle of a town); traditional townhouse; tradesman's house (esp. a home with a shop in front); merchant's house; merchant's family
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
alley; alleyway; teahouse garden; path through a gate (or through a garden, etc.)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to drift; to float; to waft (e.g. a scent); to hang in the air; to be in the air (e.g. a feeling or mood); to wander; to walk around aimlessly