chief; main; principal; important
character (in a play or novel); dramatis personae
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
head (of a household); proprietor (of a store); one's husband; (one's) employer; (one's) master; host
shogunal vassal; direct retainer of a shogun
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
man who takes his wife's family name and marries into her family; man who is adopted by his wife's family
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
older brother; elder brother
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
calculation; computation; bill; check; consideration; allowance
settlement; solution; resolution
again; once more; a second time
honorific/polite/humble prefix
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
than; from; out of; except; but; more
heir; successor; family estate; family fortune; headship of a family
to hand over; to transfer; to give up (e.g. one's seat); to give way; to yield; to concede
(present) head of a family
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
number one; first; best; most; game; round
(United States of) America; USA
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
receipts and expenditure (disbursements)
to take (be in) charge of
second; number two; runner-up
sales; selling; marketing