family trade; family business; steward (of an estate)
central figure; pillar (e.g. of the nation); chief; boss; master carpenter; beams and ridge supports of a roof
protection; safeguard; shugo (Kamakura or Muromachi period military governor)
maintenance; servicing; putting in place; establishment; development
being in charge (of an area of responsibility); being responsible (for a work role, etc.)
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
order of chivalry; chivalric order
elementary level; beginner level
conquest; subjugation; overcoming
(metropolitan) prefecture (of Osaka and Kyoto); the centre or seat (of) (center); (government) office; fu; historical administrative unit in China, Korea and Vietnam
bureau; department; office (e.g. post, telephone); broadcasting station (e.g. television, radio); affair; situation
examiner; investigator; inquisitor; agent
one grade; first-class; primary
bureaucrat; government official; bureaucracy
young noblewoman; princess
udo (plant related to ginseng, used in medicine and cooking) (Aralia cordata)
body; group; party; company; troupe
management; (executive) staff; leaders; leadership; top brass; upper echelons
head; chief; boss; leader
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
that's the way it is; such is life
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
whole life; a lifetime; all through life; (the only, the greatest, etc.) of one's life
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
anyone; anybody; everyone; whoever
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis