indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
beginning; outset; first; onset
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
composition; piece of music; tune; melody; enjoyment; fun
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
simmer; bubble out; flow out
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to fly about; to skip about; to bustle about
while; during; while; although; all; both
to coil about; to follow about; to surround; to cling to
before long; soon; almost; nearly; finally; in the end
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to jump in; to leap in; to plunge into; to burst in; to barge in
to fall (e.g. blossoms, leaves); to scatter; to be dispersed; to disappear; to dissolve; to spread
to dance (orig. a whirling dance); to flutter about; to revolve
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
work (e.g. book, film, composition, etc.); opus; performance; production
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
title; index; heading; headline; caption