truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; first name
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
in that way; thus; so; so?
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to ask; to enquire; to query
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
(with) only a few left; (with) little left
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
after school (at the end of the day)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
door (Western-style, car, etc.)
to throw open; to leave open
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
school building; schoolhouse
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
cicada; locust; small-sized pulley
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
cry (esp. animal); roar; chirp; tweet; bark; whine
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
noisy; loud; annoying; troublesome; fussy; finicky
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to attach; to stick together; to place together; to put side-by-side; to make someone get married; to get someone hitched
screw; key (of a clock, watch, etc.); spring (of a clock, watch, etc.)
driver (of a vehicle); screwdriver; driver (golf); driver; device driver
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then