by the way; incidentally; sometimes; occasionally; precisely (at that time); exactly
nth year in the Heisei era (1989.1.8-2019.4.30)
20 years old; (arch.) twenty
certain; one; (arch.) I; (arch.) me
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
rule; reign; peaceful times
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
look; glimpse; apparently; seemingly; (arch.) first meeting
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
prosperity; thriving; flourishing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
centre; center; pivot; central nervous system
imperial lands; shogun's demesne
large; big; older; senior; final; ultimate
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
administration; governance; the authorities; authority
special ward; special economic zone (China); special administrative region of China (e.g. Hong Kong)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
approximately; about; promise; appointment; shortening; reduction
kilo-; 1000; kilogram; kilogramme; kilometre; kilometer
riches; wealth; resources; lottery
man (esp. one who is well-respected); samurai; person (in a certain profession, esp. licensed); member
foot of a mountain; plain at the foot of a mountain; range; spread; extent
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
vast; extensive; immense; huge; large; grand
territory; dominion; grounds (e.g. school)
as you were; return to your original position!; er, rather
to boast of; to be proud of; to take pride in
one large ...; a great ...
educational institution; school; academy; campus
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen