prefix for forming ordinal numbers
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
dog paddle (swimming style); doggy paddle
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
banzai; hurray; something to cheer about; something worthy of celebration; giving up; throwing one's hands up
tatami mat (esp. as a measure of room size, either 1.82 sqm or 1.54 sqm)
tatami mat; Japanese straw floor coverings
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
bookshelves; bookshelf; bookcase
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
to lean against; to set against
low dining table; tea table
-ish; -like; resembling; appearing to be; seeming to be
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
pleasant feeling; good vibes
to be sooty; to be stained
ceiling; ceiling price; (price) ceiling
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
clothes (esp. Western clothes); counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
of course; certainly; naturally
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
lost article; something forgotten
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
middle; centre; center; midpoint; heart
to spread out; to lay out; to take a position; to impose widely (e.g. over a city)
thin bedding; hard bed; bedding worn flat and hard by usage
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
freckles; buckwheat chaff
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen