indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
few; little; small (amount); low; scarce; insufficient
full of (e.g. mistakes); riddled with; covered all over with (blood, mud, etc.)
wasteland; wilderness; deserted land; prairie; vast plain; wilds
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
girl (usu. between 7 and 17); young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryō period)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wear; to be dressed in; to have on
wave (on water); wave (electromagnetic, sound, etc.); wave (in hair); wave (audience); Mexican wave
to appear ...; to look like ...; to seem ...; to have a trace of; to be tinged with
hair (on the head); (a) hair
to bend; to flutter; to wave; to yield to; to be swayed by; to bow to
while; during; while; although; all; both
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
to tower over the surroundings
to look up at; to raise one's eyes; to look up to; to admire; to respect
lack of expression; lack of emotion; blank look (on one's face)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that ...
human emotions (joy, anger, grief and pleasure); feelings
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively; extreme
surface; face (i.e. the visible side of an object); front (of a building, etc.); obverse side (i.e. "head") of a coin; outside; exterior; appearance
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
type; kind; type (of person); (ideal) type; typewriter; typing (on a typewriter)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
inner thoughts; real intention; at heart; deep down; inner center (centre)
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly; actually
to chuckle to oneself; to gloat (over)
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
one night; one evening; all night; overnight
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)