with the exception of; excepting; excluding
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
acknowledgement; acknowledgment; understanding (e.g. "please be understanding of the mess during our renovation"); noting
please (give me); please (do for me)
to desire; to wish for; to expect; to see; to command (a view of)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
snare; trap (for catching wild game, etc.); trap (i.e. ruse, subterfuge, etc.)
first part; first volume; prequel
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
noisily (e.g. from many people talking); creating a commotion; rustling (leaves); feeling a chill; getting the chills
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to fill; to become full (of); to wax (of the moon); to rise (of the tide); to flow; to expire (of a period of time)
here and there; all around; everywhere; to get things in the wrong order (back to front); to become muddled up
touting; tout; barker; pander
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
two times; twice; two degrees
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
market (financial, stock, domestic, etc.); marketplace; exchange; (street) market
royal capital; imperial capital
holding (a conference, exhibition, etc.); opening; hosting (e.g. the Olympics)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
castle town; city in Japan that developed around the castle of a feudal lord
of course; certainly; naturally
each nation; many nations; many countries
local specialty; special product (of a region)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
famous product; widely known (local) specialty
to gather; to collect; to assemble
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to decide; to determine; to establish; to lay down; to bring peace (to); to make peaceful
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
to stick; to paste; to stretch; to spread; to form (e.g. ice on a pond); to fill; to swell