if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
strong wind; high wind; moderate gale
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
door (Western-style, car, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to strike; to clap; to play drums; to abuse; to bash; to consult; to sound out
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
break in time; interruption; pause
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
hut; cabin; small theatre (theater); temporary playhouse; one's own house
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to resound; to be heard far away; to reverberate; to shake; to come (home); to remain (with someone)
splendid; nice; sufficient; fine (in the sense of "I'm fine"); well enough; OK
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
far; distant; distant (past); remote (in time); distant (relationship or kinship); having little to do (with someone); far (from something else in quality, degree, etc.)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
quite; entirely; completely; as if; as though; just like
(sense of) reality; realness; realism; authenticity; viability
to feel; to sense; to experience
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to turn towards; to point
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
direct; immediate; personal; firsthand
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
clearly; plainly; distinctly; to be clear; to be definite; to be certain
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
assimilation; absorption; adaptation; assimilation; anabolism; assimilation (phonology)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily