indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
note; memorandum; memo; memoirs; personal account
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
cold (to the touch); chilly; icy; (emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling
to coil around; to twine around; to cling (to); to follow around; to hang around
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
displeasure; discomfort; unpleasantness; indisposition; ailment
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
living thing; living creature; animal; life
indication; sign; hint; tone (of the market)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
(many) trees; every tree; all kinds of trees
heavily laden (of a branch); sagging; drooping; bent low
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
ripening (of a crop); crop; harvest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to form; to make; to build up (e.g. a fortune); to create; to accomplish; to achieve; to change (into)
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
bird; bird meat (esp. chicken meat); fowl; poultry
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
life; existence; (one's) working life; career; life force; lifeblood
to breathe in; to inhale; to suck; to sip; to absorb; to soak up
growth; development; growing up; growth (of a company, the economy, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
fruit; nut; berry; fruits; profit
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
to taste; to taste of; to have a taste
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
don't you think?; indicates question
the heavens; the skies; heaven; deva realm; ascending to heaven; death
to drain; to pour; to float (e.g. logs down a river); to set adrift; to wash away; to carry away; to broadcast
tear; tears; lachrymal secretion; sympathy
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
when one was a very young child; very early in one's life