indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
second-year student; biennial
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to pass (of time); to elapse
one day; (on) a certain day
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
middle school (esp. the middle school section of a school that also encompasses other grades); junior high school
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
one class; one set; a pair; a suite; a series
urgent; pressing; immediate; urgently; promptly; at once
room; wife (of someone of high rank); scabbard; Chinese "Encampment" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
please (give me); please (do for me)
after school (at the end of the day)
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to recommend (someone to do); to advise; to recommend (a book, someone for a position, etc.); to suggest; to offer (a drink, cigarette, seat, etc.)
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
broadcasting; broadcast; program; announcement
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to summon; to call (e.g. phone); to convene; to invoke (e.g. subroutine); to call; to open (e.g. a file)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
committee; commission; board; panel; committee meeting
(committee) chairman; president
(the) executive; administration; leadership
simply put; putting it simply; in short
pupil; student; schoolchild
representative; representation; delegation; switchboard number; main number
such ... as; or some such
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
message; informative matter
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all