indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
to pass; to elapse; to pass through; to go through; to experience; to go through
expression; look; countenance; face
old-fashioned; ancient-looking; time-worn
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
quiet (place); still; silent; inconspicuously; modestly; quietly
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to stand (still) a while; to loiter; to stop
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix
kappa; mythical water-dwelling creature; excellent swimmer; cucumber; cucumber sushi wrapped in nori (seaweed)
small build; small stature; petite; small pattern
maid; female servant; hostess (in a ryokan); waitress (in a traditional restaurant); (arch.) court lady
Europe and America; the West
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
Western clothing; Western binding
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to wear; to be dressed in; to be adorned in; to clad oneself with
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
cleaning; sweeping; dusting; scrubbing
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
first floor; ground floor; one floor; one storey; one rank
kitchen; financial situation
dining room; dining hall; cafeteria; restaurant; eatery; snack bar
living room (Western style); sitting room
reception room; parlor; parlour
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
one's family; family member
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
husband; master (of a house, shop, etc.)