indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
graduation; completion (of a course); moving on (from); outgrowing (something); leaving (a group, company, etc.)
commemoration; celebration; honoring the memory of something; turning something into a memento; memory
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
rice bowl; tea cup; teacup
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
myself; yourself; I; me; you
pattern; figure; state; condition; conjecture of the current situation; the way it seems; model
drawing up (e.g. legal document, contract, will, etc.); preparing; writing; framing; making; producing
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
indication; denotation; designation; instructions; directions
in accordance with; according to; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
cruel; heartless; violent; intense; very bad; terrible
vague; ambiguous; shady; disreputable; fuzzy
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
perhaps; maybe; perchance; by some chance; by any chance
mistaken memory; trick of the memory; slip of the memory
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
bowl; vessel; container; ability; capacity; calibre
to pour (into); to sprinkle on (from above); to water (e.g. plants); to shed (tears); to concentrate one's energy (strength, attention, etc.) on; to devote to; to flow into (e.g. of a river)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
colour; color; complexion; skin colour; look (on one's face); expression; appearance
to dribble; to spill; to suspend; to hang down; to slouch
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
method; process; manner; way; means; technique
basics; fundamentals; basis; foundation
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to feel (as if); to have a feeling (that); to have a hunch (that); to feel like doing; to want to do
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
origin; source; birthplace; release from prison; discharge from prison; exit
honest; frank; candid; honestly; frankly