indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
synthesis; coordination; putting together; comprehensive
guide; tour guide; conductor; guidebook
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to work (for); to be employed (at); to serve (as); to act (as); to conduct a religious service
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
popularity; public favor; condition (e.g. market); tone; character
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
personal history; background; log; record; hysteresis
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
don't you think?; indicates question
(computer) monitor; consumer who comments on products, television programs, etc. (programmes); program or utility that monitors a program or activity
to be reflected; to harmonize with (harmonise); to come out (photo); to be projected; to be displayed (on a screen)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
defense; defence; protection
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
incident; affair; happening; event
to pull out; to take out; to lead out (e.g. a horse from a stable); to summon (e.g. to court); to withdraw (money); to draw
personal; individual; private
impressions; thoughts; feelings; reactions
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to include (in a group or scope); to instruct; to make one understand; to include (a nuance); to put in (an implication); to put in (someone's) mouth
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
outbreak; spring forth; generation (e.g. of power or heat); genesis; ontogeny; development of complex multicellular structures from cell(s) in a simple state
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
origin; genesis; opening; start; beginning
fresh, young ears of rice
to play a leading role; to play a central part