indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to bloom; to flower; to blossom; to open
staff; stuff; stuffing; filling
clothing; costume; outfit; garment; dress
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
cool; refreshing; clear (e.g. eyes); bright; clear; distinct
seeming; giving the appearance of; giving one the feeling of
collar; color; colour; hair colouring (coloring); calla (variety of arum lily)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
welcome!; nice to see you!
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
business hours; opening hours; office hours
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
time; hour; period; class
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
please (give me); please (do for me)
screen (of a TV, computer, etc.); image (on a screen); picture; surface of a painting (picture, drawing, etc.)
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
woman; female; feminine gender
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged