indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to roll up; to enfold; to swallow up; to involve; to drag into
compulsion; coercion; forcing (to do); enforcement
participation; joining; entry; adherence
on the way; en route; in the middle of; midway; halfway
leaving (e.g. work at end of day); withdrawal (e.g. from a noble's or superior's presence); exit (e.g. from a market)
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
should; must; -able; probably; likely
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
grasp; catch; understanding
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
please (give me); please (do for me)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
research division; research club (e.g. at school, university)
than; from; out of; except; but; more
special; particular; extraordinary; exceptional; especial
edition; version; plate; block; editions of a publication
establishment; creation; posing (a problem); options setting; preference settings; configuration
the number of people; many people; a large number of people; (counted as an) adult