indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to shake; to sway; to waver
fusuma; Japanese sliding screen
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
both ends; either end; both edges; double-mindedness; sitting on the fence
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
interval; break; pause; spare moment
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to go by; to go past; to run (between; of a rail service, bus route, etc.); to operate (between); to go indoors; to go into a room; to penetrate
flame; blaze; flames (of intense emotion, e.g. love, jealousy, anger); passion
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to differ; to vary; to disagree
direction; orientation; bearing; course (e.g. of action)
to bend; to flutter; to wave; to yield to; to be swayed by; to bow to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
face; surface; mask (esp. a noh or kyogen mask)
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to sit; to squat; to be implicated
one's line of sight; one's gaze; one's eyes (looking); glance; gaze; look
to strike against; to collide with; to encounter; to meet; to clash
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
to stare fixedly at; to fix one's gaze on; to make sure of; to set one's eyes on (e.g. the future); to focus on
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
neck; head; dismissal; discharge
to wave; to shake; to sprinkle; to throw (dice); to cast (actor); to allocate (work); to turn down (somebody)
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to raise; to bring to (someone's attention); to appeal to (reason, emotions, etc.); to work on (one's emotions); to complain; to sue (a person)
mouth; opening; hole; mouth (of a bottle); spout; gate; door
to connect; to link together; to pull together; to close tightly; to purse (e.g. lips)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
two persons; two people; pair; couple