to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
meaning; significance; sense
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
sometimes; at intervals; occasionally; on occasion; from time to time
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
advance warning; previous notice; announcement; herald; harbinger; forerunner
suddenly; casually; accidentally; incidentally; unexpectedly; unintentionally
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
dead person; (the) deceased; (the) dead; casualties
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
one foot; one leg; one of a pair (of shoes or socks)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to thrust (something) into (something); to cram; to plunge into; to charge into; to delve into (a matter); to go into depth; to press (someone) about
while; during; while; although; all; both
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
one side; one party; counterpart; one of a pair; fellow; mate
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this world; this life; current epoch (i.e. the Holocene epoch)
to tie; to restrain; to confine; to bind; to fasten
to extract; to pull out; to draw out; to headhunt; to lure away; to poach
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
dull; uninteresting; dry; insipid; boring; prosaic
vast; boundless; vague; obscure
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
time; hour; period; class
flow (of a fluid or gas); stream; flow (of people, things); passage (of time); course (of events); (step-by-step) procedure; group of people who remain together after the end of an event
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
myself; yourself; I; me; you
surface; face; outside; exterior; appearances; superficiality
to pass (a car); to overtake; to surpass; to outstrip; to outdistance
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
to step into (e.g. someone else's territory); to break into; to raid; to come to grips with; to get to the core of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
one thin flat object; one sheet
to separate (by distance, time, etc.); to isolate; to interpose; to have between; to alienate; to estrange