-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
general affairs department (bureau); executive section
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
member; participant; attendee; lineup (sport)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
beginning; outset; first; onset
to go by; to cross; to pass by; to flash across
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
next; secondly; subsequently
to tease; to make fun of; to poke fun at; to make a crack about; to chaff; to kid
doubt; suspicion; misgivings; scruples
trouble; burden; nuisance; care; dependence; support
preface; introduction; lead in (to a joke, question, etc.); lead up; payment in advance (by bank transfer); swinging (one's body) forward
worry; fear; anxiety; concern
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
in turns; alternately; in order
to float; to be suspended; to rise to the surface; to appear; to come to mind; to have inspiration
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
use; adoption; acceptance; appointment; employment; engagement
being in charge (of an area of responsibility); being responsible (for a work role, etc.)
overserious; deeply sincere; very earnest
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to destroy; to demolish; to disturb; to put into disorder; to relax (one's pose); to make oneself at ease; to break (a bill)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
new face; newcomer; rookie; modern humans (from Cro-Magnon man onwards)
leaving (e.g. work at end of day); withdrawal (e.g. from a noble's or superior's presence); exit (e.g. from a market)
clanging; empty; deserted
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
to stand (still) a while; to loiter; to stop
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
answer; reply; response; answer; solution; result