let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
such; this sort of; like this
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
brightness; discernment; insight; eyesight; vision; nth year in the Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
somehow; for some reason; without knowing why
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
nakedness; nudity; bareness; nakedness; being penniless; concealing nothing
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to taste; to eat; to drink; to speak (of); to refer (to); to say
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
hot (thing); passionate (feelings, etc.); ardent; hot (e.g. temper); zealous; enthusiastic; intense
anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
the end; closing; being done for; that's it; that's enough; that's all
cannot (due to external circumstances); cannot afford to; must not; impossible to; no way one can (do)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
useless; no future in it; doesn't make sense; having no point
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
first of all; to begin with; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
and yet; despite this; but even so; but even then; however; nevertheless
myself; yourself; I; me; you