indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hobby; pastime; tastes; preference; liking
to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to be about to leave; to be just going out
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
mass meeting; convention; tournament; competition; grand event
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
everyday; daily; ordinary; usual; routine; regular
another; one more; not quite; not very good; lacking
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to add; to add up; to increase; to gather (e.g. speed); to include; to count in
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
bustling; busy; crowded; lively (party, voices, etc.); loud; noisy
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to rendezvous; to meet at a prearranged place and time; to arrange to meet
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
even though; despite; when
suit (clothing); suit (playing cards)
office worker; company employee; company man; salaryman (stereotypical Japanese office worker)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
shape; form; appearance; state; situation; suitable