river surface; surface of a river
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to sway to and fro; to drift about; to flutter; to be fickle; to be irresolute; to vacillate
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
whirling; revolving; coiling around; winding around; working tirelessly; working hard
soft; tender; gentle; mild; informal; light
to dance (orig. a hopping dance)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
flow (of a fluid or gas); stream; flow (of people, things); passage (of time); course (of events); (step-by-step) procedure; group of people who remain together after the end of an event
to go against; to oppose; to disobey; to defy
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to remain; to abide; to stay (in the one place); to be limited to; to be confined to; to only account for
those (near the second person)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stare at; to gaze at; to look hard at; to watch intently; to fix one's eyes on
to paw (at) the ground; to struggle (using one's arms and legs); to flounder; to struggle (to escape an adverse situation); to strive
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
that kind of; of the sort; of the kind; such
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
unshapely; unsightly; clumsy; unpresentable; uncouth; awkward
ugly; unattractive; unsightly; unseemly
elegant; graceful; refined; leisurely; comfortable; easy
myself; yourself; I; me; you
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to compare; to make a comparison; to compete; to vie
narrow; cramped; tight; fussy; narrow-minded
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
sometimes; at intervals; occasionally; on occasion; from time to time
to greet; to call out (to); to invite; to get in touch (with); to cheer (on); to give vocal support (to)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
five; five years of age; eight o'clock (old time system)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
cold (to the touch); chilly; icy; (emotionally) cold; coldhearted; unfeeling
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout