indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
tail (animal); tail end; tip
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
thin; slender; fine; unlucky
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
great difference; major mistake
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
envious; jealous; enviable (position, etc.)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to get twisted; to get crooked; to become twisted (of a mind, relationship, etc.); to become warped; to become troubled; to become complicated
condition; state; health; state (of health); way; manner
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
lovely; wonderful; nice; great; fantastic; superb
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to praise; to commend; to compliment; to speak well of; to speak highly of
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
before or since; neither before nor after; no other time in one's life; stressing a particular moment or event as being unique or most extreme
tensely; tightly; erectly; intuitively; instinctively; with a burst
to stand up; to put up; to thrust into; to bury into; to make (a noise); to start (a rumour); to make
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
loveable; very likeable; like very much
occasionally; once in a while; now and then; rarely; seldom
to hang; to droop; to give (e.g. lesson, instruction, scolding) (to someone of lower status); to confer; to drip; to ooze; to leave behind (at death)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to step on; to tread on; to set foot on (e.g. foreign soil); to stand on; to experience; to undergo; to follow (rules, principles, etc.)