indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
cry (of baby); mewl (of kitten)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to cry; to weep; to sob; to howl
acceptable; satisfactory; approval; being in favour; Pass (grade); Fair
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
seeming; giving the appearance of; giving one the feeling of
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
such; like that; that sort of; very
funny; comical; humorous; ridiculous; silly; absurd
imitating; copying; mimicry; behavior; behaviour; action
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
it's different when ... but; it's not so bad when ... but
literally; to the letter; literal
the body; the flesh; the outer man; one's physique
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
assistance; help; aid; support; reinforcement
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
scene; setting; scene (in a movie, play); shot; state of the market
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
few; a little; scarce; insufficient; seldom
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
unnecessary; not needed; not necessary
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
living thing; organism; creature; biology
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
what is called; as it is called; the so-called; known as; so to speak
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to overflow; to brim over; to flood
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
to fill; to become full (of); to wax (of the moon); to rise (of the tide); to flow; to expire (of a period of time)
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
to behave; to conduct oneself; to entertain; to treat someone (to a drink); to make tea for someone (tea ceremony)