indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
opposite side; other side; other party
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
female university student; female college student
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
neckline (of dress, etc.)
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
light; faint; pale; fleeting
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wear (in modern Japanese, from the shoulders down); to put on; to bear (guilt, etc.)
deep (colour); dark; strong (flavour, smell, etc.); thick (consistency); dense; strong (possibility, etc.)
to border; to fringe; to hem; to edge
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
each time; every time; whenever (something happens); on the occasion of
to be placed on; to be set on; to be piled on; to appear (in print); to be mentioned; to be recorded
fluorescent lamp; fluorescent light; person who is slow to react; someone slow on the uptake
light; illumination; glow; lamp; light
reflection; reverberation; reflex; reflexes
to glitter; to glisten; to sparkle; to twinkle; to glare; to gleam
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to smell; to smell of; to have a smell
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
brains (of an operation); advisor; brain trust; brain (organ)
popular name; common name; nickname; alias
technology; engineering; technique; skill; art; craft
transmission (e.g. news, chemical signals, electricity); communication; delivery; conveyance; transfer; relay
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do