extent; scope; sphere; range; span
in name only; titular; nominal
procedure; process; proceedings; formalities
kind; courteous; intimate; (arch.) becoming intimate; (arch.) having an intimate relationship (sometimes esp. a homosexual relationship)
gift; present; tip; bribe
to value; to prize; to esteem; to respect
to wound; to injure; to hurt someone's feelings (pride, etc.); to damage; to chip
offering; presentation; donation
tax paid to avoid forced labor (ritsuryo period); tax in kind; mediocrity
pitch; tone; time; tempo; mood; tendency
to put on the market; to put out for sale; to put on sale; to become popular
permission; approval; authorization; to permit; to authorize
the West; the Occident; Western countries
Middle Ages (in Japan esp. the Kamakura and Muromachi periods); medieval times; mediaeval times
economic; financial; economical; thrifty; frugal
trade association; craft; guild
commerce; trade; business
craftsman; artisan; tradesman; worker; workman
power; authority; jurisdiction
Gion (entertainment district in Kyoto)
big gamble; big plunge; big mountain
imperial villa; royal villa; detached palace
wild sesame (Perilla frutescens var. frutescens); oilseed perilla; egoma
medieval trade guild specialized in perilla oil
subordinate shrine; professional entertainer
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
funny story; funny anecdote
to establish oneself in life; to achieve success; to reach a high position; to begin life (as an adult); to step out into the world
later on; eventually; afterwards
to disdain; to look down on; to make light of; to hold in contempt; to scorn; to despise
section (i.e. of text); sentence; phrase; verse (of 5 or 7 mora in Japanese poetry; of 4, 5, or 7 characters in Chinese poetry); haiku; first 17 morae of a renga, etc.
Mencius (372-289 BCE); Mengzi; Mencius (one of the Four Books)
reckless; (at) random; haphazard; blind; sudden; abrupt
to make a mistake; to be incorrect; to be mistaken
symmetry; balance; proportion; uniformity
to become muddy; to become cloudy; to become dull (of a sound, color, etc.); to become hoarse; to become impure (of a heart, society, etc.); to be corrupted
actual existence; real existence; existing in real life
individual; distinctive; unique; characteristic; personal; idiosyncratic