indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to boast of; to be proud of; to take pride in
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
establishment; founding; organization; organisation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from now; from the present moment; from this time forward; henceforth
300; three hundred; 300 mon; trifling amount; shyster
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
century; era; of the century (e.g. fight of the century)
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
national politics; political situation; statecraft; body politic
to carry on one's shoulder; to shoulder; to bear; to bear (burden, responsibility, etc.); to take upon oneself
superior; excellent; brilliant; outstanding
capable person; talented person; human resources; personnel
rearing; training; nurture; cultivation; promotion
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
race (of people); type of person
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
(religious) faith; belief; creed
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
around the world; throughout the world
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to surpass; to outstrip; to excel
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to call; to summon; to send for; to call together
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
democratization; democratisation
revolution; 58th year of the sexagenary cycle (in Onmyōdō)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
(former) imperial university
to remove; to take off; to drop (e.g. from a team); to remove (from a position); to leave (e.g. one's seat); to go away from
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question