planning; devising (a plan); drafting; drawing up
to take on a role; to take part
original proposer; originator; proponent; initiator
toilet; lavatory; water closet; restroom; bathroom
chief seat; seat of honor; seat of honour; head of the table
dotage; feeble-minded old man; senile old fool; dotard
barrier; obstacle; difficulty; hurdle; deadlock
breaking through; breakthrough; surmounting; overcoming; exceeding; passing
mark; symbol; to mark; to put a mark on; trademark; paying attention to; focusing on
enumeration; citation; listing
a little over; a little more than; powerhouse; one of the biggest; upper (seismic intensity)
Mach (number); (at a) fast speed
neighbouring country; neighboring country; adjacent country
airspace incursion; airspace violation
how many months?; how long?
long-handled Chinese spear; lance; weapon; arms; grip of a bow; parade float decorated with long-handled Chinese spears
fishing boat; boat-shaped hanging flower vase
by any standard; (not) even as flattery
fishing harbour; fishing harbor
spirit world; underworld; the next world
shoal; shallows; sand bar; ford
standing together in a disorderly fashion; standing close around; crowding together; flooding in (applicants, election candidates, etc.)
in regard to; concerning (usu. of disputes)
decider; person who decides; deciding factor; clincher; trump card
shoal; wide shallow beach
handling (e.g. knife, reins); control; use; dealing with (e.g. customers); management; disposal (esp. sale of goods)
square kilometer; square kilometre
hill; height; knoll; bonus points awarded to the winner at the end of a game
Nihon Shoki; Nihongi; Chronicles of Japan
Island; insula; island; islet
personality; style; appearance
to create (an atmosphere, feeling, etc.); to produce; to engender
Sakamoto Ryouma (1836.1.3-1867.12.10)
alias; pseudonym; pen name; nom de plume; different name; other name