indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to sow seeds; to sow the seeds of ... (e.g. conflict)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
perhaps; probably; generous; many; much
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
seed (e.g. of a plant); pip; material (e.g. for an article); matter (e.g. of a story); ingredient; leaven (bread); cause
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
sometime; someday; one day; some time or other; the other day; in due course
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
to blossom; to flower; to bloom
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
ground; earth; the solid earth; the (vast) land
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cover fully; to wrap around
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
this world; this life; world of the living
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
dwelling; house; residence; den; habitat
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
the south; southward; southern direction; countries in the south (esp. Southeast Asia and the pre-WWII South Pacific Mandate)
early summer; fourth month of the lunar calendar
to bloom; to flower; to blossom; to open