hurdle; hurdle race; hurdles; hurdle; obstacle
to go upstream; to go back (in time, to origin); to date back to; to trace back to
while surprised; suddenly
starting a train (or bus, etc.) before all the passengers are on board; making a snap decision; starting an action without considering objections to it any longer
opposition; rivalry; competition; antagonism
gaudy; showy; garish; crooked; vicious; wicked
advance (into a new market or stage of progress); launching (a new career or venture); expanding (into a new market); stepping forward; emerging
show (of power, ability, etc.); exhibition; demonstration; display; manifestation
thin veneer; hasty preparation; knowledge or skill learned as a stopgap; re-tempering a dull sword (so that it looks as if it's sharp, but is actually unusable)
two things that superficially similar but completely different; night and day; chalk and cheese; (lit.) the Moon and a turtle
difference; distinction; discrepancy; mistake; error
to study (in depth); to learn; to take lessons in
to strike; to hit; to beat; to punch
study; research; investigation
master; teacher; stable master
promotion; raising of status
firm; determined; resolute; conclusive
this area; around here; this point; this much; this extent
origin; beginning; variable measure of fabric (28.8 cm in width); for kimonos: at least 10 m in length; tip; extremity
temporary; provisional; interim; special; extraordinary; extra
opening (a door, window, etc.); leaving open; opening up (e.g. to the public); allowing (public) access
precisely; exactly; plumb; damn; stupid; cursed
abstention (from voting); renunciation (of a right); withdrawal (from a contest)
to become numb; to go to sleep (e.g. a limb); to get an electric shock; to tingle (from an electric shock); to be excited; to be titillated
pursuit (of a fleeing enemy); chase
ogre; demon; spirit of a deceased person; ogre-like person (i.e. fierce, relentless, merciless, etc.); it (in a game of tag, hide-and-seek, etc.); Chinese "ghost" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); very
reopening; resumption; restarting
to slip into; to crawl into (under); to conceal oneself (under); to sneak into; to infiltrate
to play with (a toy, one's hair, etc.); to fiddle with; to toy with (one's emotions, etc.); to trifle with; to do with something as one pleases; to appreciate
leakage; omission; oversight; I; me
to scheme; to plan; to play a trick; to invent; to conspire; to frame up
on the occasion of; at the time of
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
(not) well; (not) properly; (not) enough; (not) sufficiently; (not) satisfactorily; (not) decently
research material; experimental material
intolerable; unbearable; tremendous; out of this world; cannot help (doing); cannot but do
losing initiative; being forestalled; second move (in go or shogi); moving second; rear guard
to be extremely cautious; to be as sure as sure can be; to make assurance doubly sure
knowledge; awareness; consent; acceptance; forgiving; pardoning
study; library; den; home office; reading room