indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
lunch break; noon recess; noon rest period
right hand; right-hand side; right-hand direction; (on) the right
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
library (usu. single-room); small library
letter (of an alphabet); character; writing
to look at; to gaze at; to look out over; to get a view of; to look on (from the sidelines); to stand by and watch
while; even though; despite
god; deity; god-tier; incredible; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
to pray; to say a prayer; to say grace; to wish; to hope
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
left hand; left-hand side; left-hand direction; (on) the left
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to make the sign of the cross; to bless oneself; to cross oneself
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
absolutely; definitely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to be involved (in); to get involved (in); to relate to (a matter); to pertain to; to (seriously) affect; to concern
bad; wrong; must not (do, be); should not; useless; no good; hopeless
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
honorific/polite/humble prefix
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
bad(-tasting); unpalatable; poor; unskillful; ugly; unattractive