book; volume; this; present; main; head; real
work (e.g. book, film, painting, composition); piece; production; opus
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
writing vertically; vertical writing
indication; expression; display; displaying; representation; (copyright) attribution
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
inspection; reading; perusal; browsing (the web)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
recommendation; endorsement
writing horizontally; horizontal writing
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
occasion; time; circumstances; (in) case (of); when
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (of a book); (one) complete set (of books)
to collapse; to crumble; to get out of shape; to lose one's shape; to break down; to be thrown into disarray; to crash (stock market)
to be in danger of; to be liable to; to be at risk of
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
use; utilization; utilisation; application
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
viewer (e.g. for film slides or x-rays); (image) viewer
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to differ; to be different; to disagree; to vary; to diverge
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
to rock; to shake; to swing
November; eleventh month of the lunar calendar
when it becomes; when it comes to
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
to sink; to go under; to go down (e.g. sun); to set; to feel depressed; to become subdued
time; hour; period; class
to be brought forward (e.g. by three hours); to be moved up; to be hasty; to be rash; to quicken; to speed up
nth district of a town; nth city block
café; cafe; coffeehouse; hostess bar (serving western alcoholic beverages; Taisho and Showa period)
closing up shop (for the day); stopping business; going out of business
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
all; completely; totally; entirely; thoroughly
(in the) neighbourhood; neighborhood; around; about; for instance; say
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding