indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
soon; shortly; nearly; almost
elementary school; primary school; school for children over eight years old in ancient China; traditional Chinese philology
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
granny; grandma; gran; old lady; old woman
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
two persons; two people; pair; couple
only; just; since; after; remaining (in a particular state)
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
cheerful; jovial; weather; season; spirit of yang
playful; mischievous; joker; prankster; scamp
bustling; busy; crowded; lively (party, voices, etc.); loud; noisy
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
one's youth; early life; one's early days; one's early years
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
study; diligence; discount; reduction
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
light; well-lit; bright (of a colour); brightly-coloured; cheerful; bright; encouraging (for the future of a project, etc.)
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
grace (of God); benevolence (of Buddha); assistance; help; effects; influence
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
sometimes; occasionally; at times; seasonal; of the season; appropriate (for the season or occasion)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so