indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
soul; spirit; departed soul; ghost
pumpkin (Cucurbita sp.); squash
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); feline; shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom (submissive partner of a homosexual relationship)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
mansion; palace; (arch.) nobleman; (arch.) noblewoman; (arch.) temporary residence
work (e.g. of art); piece; harvest; crop; technique
picture; drawing; painting; image (TV, film, etc.); picture; footage
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
to become thin; to lose weight; to slim; to become impoverished (of soil); to become sterile; to become infertile
to fall over; to fall down; to fall; to flop (e.g. of a play); to be a flop
(many) trees; every tree; all kinds of trees
to collapse; to crumble; to get out of shape; to lose one's shape; to break down; to be thrown into disarray; to crash (stock market)
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
stone wall; dry wall; rocky cliff; stone precipice
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
growth; development; stretching (one's body, e.g. when waking up); (ability to) spread (of paint, cream, etc.); elongation; extension
(doing) as one pleases; to one's heart's content; letting (something) go unchecked; leaving uncontrolled; leaving (something) to take its own course
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
two persons; two people; pair; couple
counter for small animals; counter for rolls of cloth (two han in size); (arch.) counter for horses; roll of cloth
ghost; apparition; goblin; monster; something unusually large
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
suspicious; dubious; doubtful; unsure; untrustworthy; unreliable; strange
ceremony; rite; ritual; service
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
so much; so often; oh, yes!; that's it; that's right; quite
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
four corners; four ordinal directions
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
briskly; quickly; promptly
to give directions; to issue instructions
three-cornered hat; tricorne
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding