indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
festival; feast; harassment by an Internet pitchfork mob; online shaming; galore (as in "goals galore"); frenzy
ball (for sport, games, etc.); kemari; type of football played by courtiers in ancient Japan
work (e.g. of art); production; harvest; cultivation; technique
picture; drawing; painting; image (TV, film, etc.); picture; footage
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
end; verge; extremity; miss; failure; blank (e.g. lottery ticket)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
satisfactory; decent; good; proper; worthy
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
owl (esp. the Ural owl, Strix uralensis)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
birth; creation; formation
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
present; gift; to give a present or gift
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
name; given name; first name
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
yellow sand; yellow dust; loess; desert
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
fox cub; little fox; small fox; juvenile fox
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)