indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
place of origin (of a plant or animal species, etc.); natural habitat; original home; place of origin (of manufactured goods)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Paloh (Malaysia); Paro (Bhutan)
southern part; the south (of a region)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
large; big; great; prominent; -sized; as big as; university
marshy grassland; wetlands
successive generations; successive emperors
by means of; due to; because of; according to
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to carry; to transport; to come; to go; to wield (a tool, etc.); to use
imperial court; royal court
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
biggest; greatest; largest; maximum
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to be raised (e.g. child); to be brought up; to grow (up)
leaf; blade (of grass); (pine) needle
fresh verdure; new green leaves
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
red; crimson; Red; communist; (arch.) beautiful
round; circular; curved; smooth; harmonious; calm
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
deodorant; deodorizer; deodoriser
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work