indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
character (in a play or novel); dramatis personae
Paloh (Malaysia); Paro (Bhutan)
head (of a university department); chairperson
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
crown prince; Prince Shōtoku
lower grade; low class; junior (officer)
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
lady attendant; lady's maid; waiting maid
order of chivalry; chivalric order
assistant; associate; duplicate; copy; adverb
leader of a delegation (body, party)
owlet moth (members of the family Noctuidae); noctuid
merchant; trader; tradesman; dealer; shopkeeper
Maitreya (Bodhisattva); Miroku
errand; mission; messenger; bearer; familiar spirit; use
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
heavy snowfall; white devil
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
teacher; master; religious leader; specialist; (arch.) five-battalion brigade comprising 2500 men (Zhou-dynasty Chinese army)
doll; dhole (Cuon alpinus); Indian wild dog
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
counter for stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
Saint; St.; S.; sacred; holy; pure
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)