sake cup; cup for alcoholic beverages
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
to start a journey; to embark on a trip; to set forth; to hit the trail
to begin a trip; to depart; to embark; to die; to pass away; to depart this life
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
to say goodbye; to bid farewell
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
later on; subsequently; by and by; after a while
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
coach (horse-drawn); carriage; wagon; cart
friend; companion; comrade; accompaniment; companion (e.g. book); complement
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to be late; to be delayed; to fall behind (in a race, one's studies, etc.); to lag behind; to be bereaved of; to be preceded by (someone) in death
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
to invite; to ask (someone to do); to tempt; to lure; to induce (tears, laughter, sleepiness, etc.); to arouse (e.g. sympathy)
to dodge; to evade; to avoid; to sidestep
to return; to come back; to turn over; to become extremely; to become completely
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
challenge; defiance; dare; attempt; try
character (in a play or novel); dramatis personae