indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
miko; shrine maiden; young girl or woman (trad. an unmarried virgin) who assists priests at shrines; medium; sorceress; shamaness
public matter; governmental matter; prince; duke; lord; sir
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
holiness; sacredness; sanctity; dignity
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to tear; to rip; to break through (cordon, opponent's defense, etc.); to breach; to defeat; to beat; to break (e.g. silence)
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
that kind of; that way; that move; that trick; that game
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to hug; to have (a thought or feeling); to hold; to harbour (suspicion, doubt, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to see; to look; to watch; to try to
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
bonds (between people); (emotional) ties; relationship; tether; fetters
to keep someone from doing; to stop; to prevent; to check; to hinder; to obstruct
to work out a plan of deception; to scheme; (arch.) to think up a plan; (arch.) to think over a plan; (arch.) to discuss; (arch.) to consult
curse; spell; malediction
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
curtain; bunting; act (in play)
place; spot; grounds; arena; stadium; range
than; from; out of; except; but; more
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
marriage ceremony; wedding
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
counter for stories, episodes of TV series, etc.
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
Paloh (Malaysia); Paro (Bhutan)
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
deep; profound; dense; thick; close (relationship); intense; strong
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")